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I. Chapter Summary:

In Kathmandu, Vikram Seth shares his vivid travel experience of visiting Nepal’s capital. The narrative focuses on two iconic religious sites—the Pashupatinath Temple, a sacred Hindu shrine, and the Baudhnath Stupa, a serene Buddhist site. Through rich description and contrasts, the author explores the chaos of ritualistic devotion at Pashupatinath and the tranquility and order at Baudhnath. He also reflects on the vibrancy of street life, filled with noise, music, vendors, and spiritual seekers. The chapter ends with a personal moment of calm as the author listens to music on his way back to Delhi. It highlights diversity, spirituality, travel observation, and inner reflection.

II. Key Concepts Covered:

Concept	Description
Cultural Diversity	Highlights Nepal’s religious pluralism—Hinduism and Buddhism.
Sensory Imagery	Descriptive writing appeals to all five senses, enhancing the narrative.
Spiritual vs. Commercial	Contrasts the sanctity of religion with bustling tourism and commerce.
Travel as Reflection	Travel encourages introspection and new perspectives.
Contrast in Religious Spaces	Chaos at Pashupatinath vs. serenity at Baudhnath.

III. Important Questions:

(A) Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark):

1. What type of place is the Pashupatinath Temple?
   a) Buddhist shrine
   b) Mosque
   c) Hindu temple ✅
   d) Jain temple
2. Where does the author go after his visit to Kathmandu?
   a) Delhi ✅
   b) Varanasi
   c) Pokhara
   d) Mumbai
3. What fascinated the author near the Baudhnath stupa?
   a) The monkeys
   b) The peaceful atmosphere ✅
   c) The music
   d) The beggars
4. What was the author’s mood by the end of the chapter?
   a) Bored
   b) Angry
   c) Joyful ✅
   d) Nervous

(B) Short Answer Questions (2/3 Marks):

1. How is the atmosphere at Pashupatinath different from Baudhnath?
2. What types of people does the author encounter in Kathmandu?
3. Describe how the author reacts to the music he hears in the square.
4. What is the significance of the flute in the ending?
   – PYQ 2021

(C) Long Answer Questions (5 Marks):

1. “Travel helps one understand cultures.” Justify with reference to Kathmandu.
2. How does Vikram Seth portray Kathmandu as a mix of spirituality and urban chaos?
3. Describe the author’s observation of the people and rituals at Pashupatinath Temple.
4. What personal insights does the author gain during his Kathmandu visit?
   – PYQ 2022

(D) HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills):

1. If you had to write a travelogue like Seth, which place would you choose and why?
2. Do you think tourism affects religious sanctity? Support your answer with examples.

IV. Key Formulas/Concepts:

 Not applicable for literature chapters.

 But you can highlight literary devices used in this narrative:

Device	Example
Imagery	“The smell of incense, the music of flutes…” evokes sensory experience.
Contrast	Temple chaos vs. Stupa serenity.
Narrative Tone	Observational and reflective.
Symbolism	The flute symbolizes peace and universal connection.

V. Deleted Portions (CBSE 2025–2026):

 No portions have been deleted from this chapter as per the rationalized NCERT textbooks.

VI. Chapter-Wise Marks Bifurcation (Estimated – CBSE 2025–2026):

Unit/Chapter	Estimated Marks	Type of Questions Typically Asked
Chapter 8: Kathmandu	5–6 marks	1 Long Answer or 2 Short Answers + 1 MCQ or HOTS

VII. Previous Year Questions (PYQs):

Year	Marks	Question
2021	3	What makes the Baudhnath stupa different from Pashupatinath Temple?
2022	5	How does Vikram Seth describe Kathmandu as a blend of religion and liveliness?

VIII. Real-World Application Examples to Connect with Topics:

Context	Application
Travel Writing	Helps improve observational skills and cultural awareness.
Religious Tourism	Understanding the importance of sacred sites in everyday life.
Cultural Sensitivity	Teaches respect for other religions and traditions.
Urbanization vs. Sanctity	Encourages discussion on preserving spiritual values amid modernization.

IX. Student Tips & Strategies for Success:

 Time Management:

• Spend 10 minutes reading the chapter, 5 minutes summarizing each site (Pashupatinath & Baudhnath).
• Use flashcards to remember contrasts and imagery.

 Exam Preparation:

• Practice contrast-based and theme-based long answers.
• Use key adjectives to describe settings: chaotic, serene, vibrant, etc.
• Link personal reflections or real-life travel experiences in answers.

 Stress Management:

• Try describing your own locality using sensory language (sights, smells, sounds).
• Use the calm music at the end of the chapter as inspiration for journaling or art.

X. Career Guidance & Exploration:

For Classes 9–10:

Stream	Career Options
Humanities	Travel Writer, Historian, Cultural Anthropologist
Science	Environmentalist (preservation of heritage sites)
Commerce	Tourism & Hospitality, Travel Entrepreneur

• Explore Activities Like:
  • Essay writing on travel experiences
  • Photography + storytelling competitions
  • CBSE Heritage India Quiz
  • NTSE or Geography Olympiads

XI. Important Notes:

•  Follow CBSE’s competency-based pattern in writing: include observations, reflections, values.
•  Focus on literary devices + descriptive writing techniques.
•  Kathmandu is an ideal source for developing travelogues, speeches, and description-based essays.
•  Quote to remember: “It is everywhere, in the square, the bazaars…” — shows vibrancy of Kathmandu.