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I. Chapter Summary:

The Last Leaf by O. Henry is a poignant short story that explores themes of hope, sacrifice, friendship, and the power of art. Set in a small artist community in Greenwich Village, the story centers around two friends, Sue and Johnsy, and an elderly painter named Behrman. When Johnsy falls gravely ill with pneumonia, she loses the will to live and begins to count the falling ivy leaves outside her window, believing that she will die when the last leaf falls. Behrman, in a selfless act, paints a realistic leaf on the wall during a stormy night to give her hope. This act revives Johnsy’s spirit, but Behrman dies from pneumonia. The story beautifully illustrates how a simple act of kindness can save a life.

II. Key Concepts Covered:

Concept	Description
Hope and Optimism	Encouragement and belief can help overcome despair.
Sacrifice	Behrman sacrifices his life to save Johnsy’s.
Friendship	Sue’s care and Behrman’s act reflect deep bonds.
The Role of Art	Art becomes a tool for healing and emotional strength.
Emotional Strength	Mental attitude influences physical recovery.

III. Important Questions:

(A) Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark):

1. Who is the author of The Last Leaf?
   a) O. Henry ✅
   b) Oscar Wilde
   c) H.G. Wells
   d) R.K. Narayan
2. What illness did Johnsy suffer from?
   a) Typhoid
   b) Pneumonia ✅
   c) Tuberculosis
   d) Cholera
3. What did Johnsy believe would happen when the last leaf fell?
   a) She would recover
   b) She would paint again
   c) She would die ✅
   d) She would leave the hospital
4. What did Behrman do on the stormy night?
   a) Left the city
   b) Planted a new ivy vine
   c) Painted a leaf ✅
   d) Removed all the leaves

(B) Short Answer Questions (2/3 Marks):

1. What was Behrman’s dream and how was it fulfilled?
2. How did the painted leaf influence Johnsy’s recovery?
3. Why was Sue worried about Johnsy’s condition?
4. Describe the significance of the setting in The Last Leaf.
   – PYQ 2021

(C) Long Answer Questions (5 Marks):

1. “The Last Leaf is a story of supreme sacrifice.” Justify this statement with reference to Behrman’s character.
2. How does the story reflect the theme that art can be life-saving?
3. Describe the transformation in Johnsy’s attitude toward life by the end of the story.
   – PYQ 2022
4. Discuss the role of Sue and Behrman in bringing Johnsy back to life. How do they represent selfless love?

(D) HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills):

1. If you were Behrman, would you risk your life to give hope to someone else? Why or why not?
2. How does The Last Leaf teach us to handle mental health challenges with empathy and creativity?

IV. Key Formulas/Concepts:

Not applicable for literature chapters.
 However, key literary devices include:

Device	Explanation
Symbolism	The leaf symbolizes hope and life.
Irony	Behrman dies while saving Johnsy — the irony of giving life by sacrificing one’s own.
Imagery	Vivid descriptions of the ivy vine, storm, and setting build the emotional depth.
Theme	Love, sacrifice, and hope are central ideas.

V. Deleted Portions (CBSE 2025–2026):

 No portions have been deleted from this chapter as per the rationalized NCERT textbooks.

VI. Chapter-Wise Marks Bifurcation (Estimated – CBSE 2025–2026):

Unit/Chapter	Estimated Marks	Type of Questions Typically Asked
Chapter 7: The Last Leaf	5–6 marks	1 Long Answer or 2 Short Answers + 1 MCQ or HOTS

VII. Previous Year Questions (PYQs):

Year	Marks	Question
2021	3	Why was Sue worried about Johnsy? What did she do to help her?
2022	5	“The Last Leaf is a story of hope and sacrifice.” Justify with examples from the story.

VIII. Real-World Application Examples to Connect with Topics:

Context	Connection
Art Therapy	Art as a healing tool for emotional and physical well-being.
Mental Health Awareness	Shows how emotional support can combat hopelessness.
Elderly Contributions	Highlights how older individuals can make meaningful impacts.
Community Support	Emphasizes selfless service during times of crisis.

IX. Student Tips & Strategies for Success:

 Time Management:

• Read once for comprehension, second time for character analysis.
• Dedicate 15–20 minutes per revision session with written practice.

 Exam Preparation:

• Memorize key character traits of Sue, Johnsy, and Behrman.
• Focus on theme-based long answers and learn how to structure them (Intro → Explanation → Example → Conclusion).
• Practice PYQs to gain confidence.

 Stress Management:

• Reflect on the story’s message of hope—use it to stay emotionally grounded.
• Share your thoughts in group discussions or write personal reflections.

X. Career Guidance & Exploration:

For Classes 9–10:

Stream	Career Paths
Humanities	Therapist, Writer, Psychologist, Artist
Science	Medical Professional, Mental Health Researcher
Commerce	Art Therapist, NGO Manager, Philanthropy Advisor

• Relevant Exams/Activities:
  • NTSE
  • CBSE Reading Challenge
  • Storytelling Contests
  • English Olympiads

XI. Important Notes:

•  Always use official NCERT books and CBSE sample papers for preparation.
•  This story can inspire value-based essays, diary entries, and character sketches.
•  Try visual learning—draw scenes, leaf symbols, or make quote posters to remember key elements.
•  Focus on literary devices and themes—they boost your answer depth.